360 Feedback Books and Articles by PPI and Associates

What do authors have to say about validated 360 feedback from Clark Wilson Group? Use title links to purchase books and article from Performance Programs or Amazon.com.

	Written for Feedback Recipients and Their Managers Clark Wilson, Ph.D. is credited with the first 360 feedback surveys for training and development in the early 1970s. How and Why Effective Managers Balance Their Skills brings together his key conclusions after 30 years in the field. Written in a direct, easy-to-understand manner, and featuring extensive graphs, charts and illustrations, Wilson reminds us of a timeless principle that his years of research underscored in no uncertain way: Maximum managerial effectiveness is achieved through balanced managerial skills. "After 30 years of analysis," he writes, "the problem of most managers is very clear. Too many managers try to exercise control without providing the Technical and Teambuilding skills needed to achieve the goals." (italics in original) See Table of Contents
	Organizational Behavior by Robert Kreitner and Angelo Kinicki (McGraw Hill, NY) is considered a classic textbook in its field. You'll find their take on Clark Wilson Group's validated 360 feedback surveys in Chapter One of the 7th edition: "Many attempts have been made over the years to paint a realistic picture of what managers do … Fortunately, a stream of research over the past 20 years by Clark Wilson and others has given us a practical and statistically validated profile of managerial skills."
	Tests: A Comprehensive Reference for Assessments in Psychology, Education, and Business, edited by Taddy Maddox, references the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI), the Hogan Development Survey (HDS), and the Hogan Motives, Values, and Preferences Inventory. It also describes validated 360 feedback from Clark Wilson Group.
Feedback to Managers	Feedback to Managers by Jean Brittain Leslie and John W. Fleenor describes 360 degree survey design, psychometric properties and feedback reports. It provides information on development and support materials. Clark Wilson Group's Survey of Executive Leadership, Survey of Leadership Practices, and Survey of Management Practices are examined here.
	Choosing to Lead by Kenneth E. Clark and Miriam B. Clark references Robert Hogan’s study of charisma. The book also mentions Frank Shipper and Clark Wilson’s study of a hospital administered by a government agency and the managerial behaviors exhibited by the employees. It discusses the Leadership Task Cycle and the roles within the Task Cycle.
	Ever wonder if your 360 feedback program has equal value across all the cultures represented in your organization? Frank Shipper, Ph.D., recently coauthored an 18-page scholarly article titled "Does 360 Feedback Process Create Actionable Knowledge Equally Across Cultures?" in the Academy of Management's Learning and Education (2007, Vol. 6, No. 1, 33-50). Shipper has researched various aspects of management effectiveness for more than 20 years, often using Clark Wilson Group 360 feedback as his research instrument. Using Clark Wilson Group's Survey of Management Practices™, the study showed important nuances in the usefulness of feedback information to individuals. Available in print version only.
Measures of Leadership	Measures of Leadership by Kenneth E. Clark and Miriam B. Clark has a chapter on Task Cycle Theory and the processes of influence. It discusses individuals who exert influence, how to learn to accept an individual’s influence, and the statistical information that backs up the factors, skills and attributes that influence individual and organizational performance through management and leadership roles.

Articles on 360 Feedback by Frank Shipper, Ph.D.

(Please visit Dr. Shipper's Web site to order individual articles.)

• An Interactive Exercise Demonstrating the Positive Side of Control, Journal of Leadership Studies.
• Revealing and Exploring the Differences in Managerial Skills Through Employee Feedback, Proceedings of Organizational Behavior Teaching Conference, 1991.
• Employees' Feedback: Its use for Management Development and the Results in a Government Organization, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Productivity and Quality with a Focus on Government.
• Subordinates' Observations: Feedback for Management Development, Human Resource Development Quarterly.
• Using 360 Feedback to Develop Quality Relationships in a Workforce, Proceedings of National Conference on Federal Quality.
• Task Cycle Management: A Competency-Based Course for Operating Managers (Rev. ed.), The Booth Company.

Case Studies Using 360 Feedback by Frank Shipper, Ph.D. *

• Managerial Performance: New Insights or Back to Basics? To be presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 5 - 10, 2006.
• Does the 360 Feedback Process Create Actionable Knowledge Equally Across Cultures? Published in the Best Papers Proceedings of the Academy of Management, New Orleans, LA, August 6-11, 2004.

*Finalist for the Carolyn Dexter Award, an Academy of Management  Award for the Best International Paper, 2004.

• A Cross-Cultural, Multi-Dimensional, Non-Linear Examination of Managerial Skills and Effectiveness. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies .
• Cross-Cultural Exploratory Study of the Link between Emotional Intelligence and Managerial Effectiveness. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis.
• A  Cross-Cultural, Multi-Dimensional, Nonlinear Examination of Managerial Skills and Effectiveness. Presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, 2000.

*Nominated for the Carolyn Dexter Award, an Academy of Management Award for the Best International Paper, 2000.

• Paradoxical Managerial Skills and Work Unit Effectiveness. In the Proceedings of the Organizational Behavior Teaching Conference, 1995.
• A Study of Managerial Skills of Women and Men and Their Impact on Employees' Attitudes and Career Success in a Nontraditional Organization. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, 1994.

*Winner of the Walter F. Ulmer, Jr. Applied Research Award from the Center for Creative Leadership

• Comparing the Managerial Skills of Early Derailers vs. Fast Trackers, Late Derailers vs. Long-term Fast Trackers, and Mid-career Derailers vs. "Recovers." Presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, 1994.

*Winner of the Best Paper on Management Development at the Academy of Management's Annual Meeting

• A Study of Impending Derailment and Recovery of Middle Managers  Across Career Stages, Human Resource Management Journal.
• The Impact of Managerial Behaviors on Group Performance, Stress and Commitment. In K. Clark & D. Campbell (Eds.), Impact of Leadership (pp. 119-129). Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
• The Impact of Gender, and International Location on Multilevel Management Ratings. In K. Clark, M. Clark & D. Campbell (Eds.), Impact of Leadership (pp. 345-358). Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
• A Study of the Impact of Training in a Management Development Program Based on 360 Feedback, Journal of Managerial Psychology.

*Selected by HR Global Network as one of the Best Articles of 1998

• A Study and Comparative Analysis of Effective and Ineffective Leadership Skills of Physician and Non-physician Health Care Administrators, Health Services Management Research Journal.

Other Articles On Managerial And Leadership Skills by Frank Shipper, Ph.D.*

• A Model and Investigation of Managerial Skills, Employees’ Attitudes and Managerial Performance, Leadership Quarterly.
• Mastery and Frequency of Managerial Behaviors Relative to Sub-unit Effectiveness, Human Relations.
• A Study of the Psychometric Properties of the Managerial Scales of the Survey of Management Practices, Educational and Psychological Measurement.
• Task Cycle Theory: The Process of Influence. In K. Clark & M. Clark (Eds.), Measures of Leadership (pp. 185-204). West Orange, NJ: Leadership Library of America, Inc.
• Mastery, Frequency & Interaction of Managerial Behavior Relative to Subunit Effectiveness, Human Relations.

*Order Dr. Frank Shipper's articles directly from his Web site.